Note: if Kubernetes is running on VirtualBox, add the port mapping so that you can access port 8001 from localhost

In the shell, instead of running kubectl proxy, run:

kubectl proxy --address='0.0.0.0' --disable-filter=true

And then from the other system, hit the login URL:

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login